Optical coherence tomography (OCT) can be used to image microstructures of human kidneys. However, current OCT probes exhibit inadequate field-of-view, leading to potentially biased kidney assessment. Here we present a robotic OCT system where the probe is integrated to a robot manipulator, enabling wider area (covers an area of 106.39 mm by 37.70 mm) spatially-resolved imaging. Our system comprehensively scans the kidney surface at the optimal altitude with preoperative path planning and OCT...

CONCLUSIONS: Among a large, diverse cohort of community-dwelling individuals with COVID-19, nearly two out of three eligible individuals did not receive Paxlovid, and minoritized racial/ethnic groups were less likely to use Paxlovid than their non-Hispanic White individuals.

Percutaneous renal biopsy is commonly used for kidney cancer diagnosis. However, the biopsy procedure remains challenging in sampling accuracy. Here we introduce a forward-viewing optical coherence tomography probe for differentiating tumor and normal tissues, aiming at precise biopsy guidance. Totally, ten human kidney samples, nine of which had malignant renal carcinoma and one had benign oncocytoma, were used for system evaluation. Based on their distinct imaging features, carcinoma could be...

CONCLUSIONS: Data from this randomized controlled trial will determine whether the OKquit smartphone app combined with OTH care will increase smoking cessation rates over standard OTH care alone. If successful, OKquit could provide tailored intervention content at a fraction of the cost of traditional interventions. Furthermore, this type of low-burden intervention may offer a way to reach underserved populations of adults who smoke and want to quit.

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Since the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, numerous researches and studies have focused on the long-term effects of COVID infection. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) implemented an additional code into the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) for reporting 'Post COVID-19 condition, unspecified (U09.9)' effective on October 1st 2021, representing that Long COVID is a real illness with potential chronic conditions. The National...

Dietary modifications such as caloric restriction (CR) and intermittent fasting (IF) have gained popularity due to their proven health benefits in aged populations. In time restricted feeding (TRF), a form of intermittent fasting, the amount of time for food intake is regulated without restricting the caloric intake. TRF is beneficial for the central nervous system to support brain health in the context of aging. Therefore, we here ask whether TRF also exerts beneficial effects in the aged...

INTRODUCTION: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a prodromal stage of dementia. Understanding the mechanistic changes from healthy aging to MCI is critical for comprehending disease progression and enabling preventative intervention.

CONCLUSIONS: Despite advancements in treatment and vaccinations, disparities in adverse COVID-19 outcomes persist between urban and rural communities. The effectiveness of some therapeutic agents appears to vary based on rurality, suggesting a nuanced relationship between treatment and geographic location while highlighting the need for targeted rural health care strategies.

Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), also known as Long-COVID, encompasses a variety of complex and varied outcomes following COVID-19 infection that are still poorly understood. We clustered over 600 million condition diagnoses from 14 million patients available through the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C), generating hundreds of highly detailed clinical phenotypes. Assessing patient clinical trajectories using these clusters allowed us to identify individual conditions...

Cerebral microhemorrhages (CMHs) are of paramount importance as they not only signify underlying vascular pathology but also have profound implications for cognitive function and neurological health, serving as a critical indicator for the early detection and management of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). This study aimed to investigate the effects of hypertension-induced CMHs on gait dynamics in a mouse model, focusing on the utility of advanced gait metrics as sensitive indicators of...

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CONCLUSION: Overall, we observed lower surgical site complication rates among patients undergoing RARC with ICUD compared to patients who underwent ORC or RARC with ECUD. This study suggests that decreased surgical site complications may be one benefit of the minimally invasive approach, particularly in patients at high risk for surgical site complications after radical cystectomy.

CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated the feasibility of a 26-week smartphone-based smoking cessation intervention. Study results identified subgroups that displayed accelerated rates in the decline of survey completion and message viewing. Future research should identify ways to maintain high levels of interaction with mobile health interventions that span long intervention periods, especially among subgroups that have demonstrated declining rates of intervention engagement over time.

Background: This study explored the increased quantity and frequency of alcohol use in the American Indian (AI) population during the COVID-19 pandemic.Objectives: The aims of this study were to explore possible associations between covariables and both binge drinking and alcohol consumption during COVID-19.Methods: This cross-sectional survey study analyzed data from a sample of AI individuals (63% female) residing in California (n = 411) and Oklahoma (n = 657) between October 2020-January...

CONCLUSIONS: Our findings underscore the need for increased resources, particularly for minority, uninsured, or noncitizen individuals requiring LT for NASH. This analysis provides valuable insights into the dynamic landscape of LTs in the context of NASH, shaping the trajectory of medical interventions in the 21st century.

STUDY QUESTION: What is the relationship between late follicular phase progesterone levels and clinic pregnancy and live birth rates in couples with unexplained infertility undergoing ovarian stimulation with IUI (OS-IUI)?

Amid the ongoing global repercussions of SARS-CoV-2, it is crucial to comprehend its potential long-term psychiatric effects. Several recent studies have suggested a link between COVID-19 and subsequent mental health disorders. Our investigation joins this exploration, concentrating on Schizophrenia Spectrum and Psychotic Disorders (SSPD). Different from other studies, we took acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and COVID-19 lab-negative cohorts as control groups to accurately gauge the...